It has long been hypothesized that leukemic cells are able to
modulate the fate of resident cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME)
toward either supporting or immunosuppressive cells for the development
of tumors. Exosomes can be a potential culprit in imposing tumor desire.
There is evidence about the impact of tumor-derived exosomes on
different immune cells in different malignancies. However, findings
about macrophages are contradictory. Here, we evaluated the potential
influence of multiple myeloma (MM)-cell-derived exosomes on the
polarization of macrophages by examining hallmarks of M1 and M2
macrophages. After treatment of M0 macrophages with isolated exosomes
(from U266B1), gene expression (Arg-1, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-6),
immunophenotyping markers (CD206), cytokine secretion (IL-10 and IL-6),
nitric oxide (NO) production, and redox potentiality of target cells
were assessed. Our results revealed significantly increased expression
of the genes involved in the development of M2-like cells but not M1
cells. The CD 206 marker and IL-10 protein levels were significantly
increased at different time points. The expression of IL-6 mRNA and IL-6
protein secretion did not change significantly. MM-cell-derived
exosomes induced significant changes in NO production and intracellular
ROS levels in M0 cells.