Cervical cancer is the fourth most commonly identified cancer and
the third important reason for cancer-related death among women in less
developed nations. Aside from the human papillomavirus (HPV), the host
genetic factors, especially some polymorphisms in the interleukin 6
(IL-6) gene, might relate to the risk of cervical cancer. This study
aims to investigate the molecular investigation of HPV infection and its
association with the common polymorphism of IL-6 in cervical carcinoma
in Iran. This case-control study collected 62 precancerous and cancerous
lesions and 62 healthy samples from cancer-free women, subsequent
negative colposcopy, and cervical cytology. The frequency of HPV
genotypes and the genotyping of IL-6 rs1800795 and rs1800796 were done
by different PCR techniques. Results were analyzed using the Epi Info
version 7, 2012, with the χ2 test. Compared with
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CINI), the HPV positivity
rate is saliently higher in CINII/III and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
(56.25%, 66.66%, and 73.63%, respectively, p < 0.001). The HPV positivity rate is also higher in SCC in comparison with CINII/III (p
< 0.01). Furthermore, the most detected HPV genotypes were HPV16 and
33 in CINI; HPV16, 31, and 35 in CINII/III; and HPV16 and 18 in SCC
groups. HPV16 was the most commonly detected genotype in CINI,
CINII/III, and SCC, accounting for 44.44%, 50%, and 71.42%,
respectively. In addition, the frequency of GG, CG, and CC genotypes
from rs1800795 polymorphism was 0.58, 0.32, and 0.10, respectively (p
= 0.033), but in the control group, it was 0.70, 0.27, and 0.03,
respectively. The findings suggest that HPV16 plays an important role in
the emergence of cervical lesions in Iranian patients. As a result,
rs1800795 CC genotype and HPV might increase cervical cancer risk in
Iranian women.